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Sea Freight

 
 
Maritime transport is vital for global trade. It is a key transport mode. Its influence is seen in both its size and its stability. It has helped the global economy develop sustainably.
The latest data from the IMO say that over 90% of global trade relies on shipping. This includes transporting raw materials, distributing finished goods, and trading goods worldwide.
 Maritime transport is vital for global economic growth and cooperation.
 China has the largest ports and fleet in the world. China's major ports, like Shanghai and Shenzhen, dominate the cargo market. These ports give China strong logistics. They are also key to the global supply chain.
 Asia, especially China, leads in maritime trade. Key routes connect Asia to North America, Europe, and Africa.
China's port activity has surged over the past 20 years. By 2019, it surpassed 14 billion tons.
China's fleet is also growing, ranking among the world's top fleets. Chinese companies play a crucial role in global shipping.

What Is FCL Shipping?

FCL Shipping

 
FCL refers to full container transportation. An entire container is owned exclusively by one cargo owner to ensure that the goods are not mixed with other cargo owners’ goods during transportation. Making goods more independent and safer during transportation. FCL transportation allows cargo owners to make full use of the entire container space as needed, have greater autonomy to arrange the layout of goods, and optimize loading efficiency to the greatest extent.

Advantages

Efficient
FCL transportation is usually faster. The entire container of goods can be shipped directly to the destination without stopping. This reduces transit time.
Security

Enclosing the goods for the entire transport reduces damage and loss. This makes them more appealing for high-value items.

 

Suitable for Bulk Cargo
It is owned by one cargo owner. So, it is suitable for bulk or large quantities of cargo. It can optimize the loading space.
 
 

Disadvantages

Higher cost: FCL is more expensive than LCL. This is especially true for small shipments, where transport costs are high. A trade-off is needed between cost and transport needs.

Shipping container sizes and load bearing

20GP (20-foot general container)

The loading capacity is about 33 cubic meters, with a greatest weight of 28 tons. It's ideal for small to medium batches of lighter goods.

40GP (40-foot general container)

The loading capacity is about 67 cubic meters, with a greatest weight of 28 tons. It's ideal for transporting large goods.

40HQ (40 feet high box)

The box can hold about 76 cubic meters and 28 tons. Its height makes it ideal for large, light cargo.
 
 

What Does LCL Mean in Shipping?

LCL shipping

 
 
LCL refers to LCL transportation. It means many cargo owners share one container. It maximizes transport efficiency by loading goods from different owners into one 
container. 
 
This model facilitates the flexible transportation of small quantities of goods.
LCL transportation lets small batches of goods share a container. This reduces costs for cargo owners and lowers the logistics transport threshold.

Advantages

Relatively Low Cost

Shared shipping containers cut costs. Many cargo owners share a box, reducing individual fees. This is ideal for small shipments. It makes shipping easier for small businesses and solo owners.

Economical

LCL transport is inexpensive for small cargo and scattered goods.

Disadvantages

Shipping Time May Be Long

Shipping may take a long time because goods wait to fill a container. This adds time to the transportation cycle.

Reduced safety

Goods share a box, which may mix and contact, lowering safety. So, for high-safety goods, choose LCL transport carefully.

LCL Organization and Billing

1. Freight forwarders collect goods from various cargo owners and join them. This includes the classification, marking, and proper placement of the goods.
 
2. LCL freight is usually charged based on the actual occupied space or weight of the goods. We bill goods based on their occupied space or weight. This ensures fair shipping costs.
 
 

International Ocean Shipping Process

Ocean Shipping Process
Booking and Confirmation
  • Before Shipment by the Consignor:
     
    First, fill out a Booking Note. This note should include:
    Goods details: weight, volume, and number of pieces.
    Shipper and consignee information: names, addresses, and contact details.
    Any other information that the shipping company needs.
  • Submit the Letter of Entrustment to the Freight Forwarder:
    The shipper usually sends the support letter to the freight forwarder electronically.
    Next, the freight forwarder reviews the trust letter to check for its completeness and accuracy.
  • Freight Forwarder and Shipping Company Book Space:
    After getting the letter, the freight forwarder contacts the shipping company to book space.
    During booking, they discuss space, schedule, and fees.
    Meanwhile, the freight forwarder might suggest sending goods to a designated warehouse first for easier loading.
  • The Goods Are Sent to the Warehouse Designated by the Freight Forwarder:
    If needed, the shipper takes the goods to the forwarder's warehouse.
    There, goods might be inspected, marked, packaged, or more to meet shipping standards.
  • After Booking the Warehouse, Arrange for the Goods to Enter the Shipping Warehouse:
    After booking space, the freight forwarder will inform the shipper and move the goods to the shipping warehouse.
    There, the warehouse will organize, label, and prepare the goods for loading.
  • Waiting for Cabinet Loading:
    After booking space, the freight forwarder will inform the shipper and move the goods to the shipping warehouse.
    There, the warehouse will organize, label, and prepare the goods for loading.
  • Sealing Process:
    Inspect before sealing: After packing, check that the goods match the list, and all documents are complete.
    Select a seal: Pick a seal that meets international standards. Ensure it is tamper-proof and one-time use.
    Seal the container: Staff should seal the container at the door edge, ensuring that the mark is visible.
    Document the process: Record details such as the seal number and time for future tracking and proof.
  • The Goods Are Shipped and Transported to the Corresponding Port of Departure:
    After the space is ready, the freight forwarder loads the cargo and takes it to the departure port.
    There, the cargo waits to be loaded onto the vessel for its destination

How Much Does Shipping Cost by Sea from China?

China has many shipping routes to all parts of the world. Europe, North America, Africa, South America, the Middle East and other regions can transport goods by sea. We take the transportation of solar panel goods as an example to provide an overview of some ports in europe transport prices.

Rotterdam Port

Goods Sea freight
(USD)
Volume     Voyage Shipping Company  
Solar Panel 85 Rotterdam 0-1CBM 1 Direct shipping 25 HMM/MSK/OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
70 Rotterdam 1-3CBM 1 Direct shipping 25 HMM/MSK/OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
60 Rotterdam 3-5CBM 1 Direct shipping 25 HMM/MSK/OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
55 Rotterdam 5-15CBM 1 Direct shipping 25 HMM/MSK/OOCL ENS:USD25/BL

Antwerp Port

Goods Sea freight
(USD)
Volume     Voyage Shipping Company  
Solar Panel 75 Antwerp 0-1CBM 1 Direct shipping 28 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
60 Antwerp 1-3CBM 1 Direct shipping 28 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
45 Antwerp 3-5CBM 1 Direct shipping 28 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
38 Antwerp 5-15CBM 1 Direct shipping 28 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL

Le Havre Port

Goods Sea freight
(USD)
Volume     Voyage Shipping Company  
Solar Panel 50 Le Havre 0-1CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
35 Le Havre 1-3CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
25 Le Havre 3-5CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL
20 Le Havre 5-15CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 OOCL ENS:USD25/BL

Felixstowe Port

Goods Sea freight
(USD)
Volume     Voyage Shipping Company  
Solar Panel 50 Felixstowe 0-1CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 EMC/MSK ENS:USD25/BL
35 Felixstowe 1-3CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 EMC/MSK ENS:USD25/BL
25 Felixstowe 3-5CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 EMC/MSK ENS:USD25/BL
20 Felixstowe 5-15CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 EMC/MSK ENS:USD25/BL

Gdynia Port

Goods Sea freight
(USD)
Volume     Voyage Shipping Company  
Solar Panel 55 Gdynia port 0-1CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 COSCO ENS:USD25/BL
30 Gdynia port 1-3CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 COSCO ENS:USD25/BL
25 Gdynia port 3-5CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 COSCO ENS:USD25/BL
20 Gdynia port 5-15CBM 1 Direct shipping 23 COSCO ENS:USD25/BL

Destination Port Shipping

The Process of Cargo Unloading and Unloading

Unloading Operations

Port staff use cranes and conveyor belts to unload ships.

Cargo Inspection

They visually check goods for damage during unloading.

Recording and Counting

Then, they count and record cargo to match the shipping manifest.

Emphasize the Cargo Handling Capabilities of the Destination Port

Destination ports usually have advanced equipment. It can quickly and efficiently load and unload large amounts of cargo. Destination ports often connect to land, rail, and other transport modes. This enables multimodal transport and improves goods transport efficiency.

Professional JMD Team

The port has a JMD team. They can quickly handle all goods. They ensure timely delivery to the correct consignee address.

Port Cargo Warehousing

Classified Storage

The port will categorize goods by their nature, size, and other factors. It will store them to enable efficient sorting and distribution.

 

Warehousing Equipment

Sophisticated storage systems and machinery elevate port warehouses. Shelving units maximize space, while agile forklifts maneuver cargo efficiently. These advanced tools streamline operations, ensuring goods remain secure and accessible.

Shipping Customs Clearance Documents

 

Upon reaching port, the consignee receives word from the shipper. The notice details the vessel, journey, and cargo specifics. Freight handlers ensure smooth communication, bridging sea and land operations. The cargo owner or their agent must declare the cargo to customs. This includes its quantity, value, and origin.

 

 

Customs will check the declared goods. They will ensure they meet the destination country's regulations and standards. They will also prevent contraband from entering.

 

 

Value, classification, and tariffs dictate customs duties. The destination country sets these rates. Cargo owners bear this financial burden, along with any additional fees imposed during import.

Describe the Types of Documents Required for Customs Clearance

More >>

Commercial Invoice

 

This document details the goods' description, quantity, and unit price. It lets customs verify its value.

 

 

 

Packing List

 

A list of each box's contents. It must match the commercial invoice.

 

 

 

 

Bill of Lading or Waybill

A crucial customs document, the Bill of Lading or Waybill, verifies ownership and transport agreements. This paper serves as proof of the shipping contract, facilitating smooth cargo processing at borders.

Import License

Secure a valid import license beforehand if mandated by your destination country. This step ensures your goods can enter legally. It avoids customs delays. 

Certificate of Origin

This document verifies the goods' origin. It's crucial for customs clearance for some commodities.

 

Document Preparation

Preparation in Advance

Prepare the documents before shipping the goods. This will ensure timely submission upon arrival.

 

 

Fill out Accurately

Ensure all document content is correct. This prevents customs delays and extra fees.

 

 

Timely Communication

Keep in touch with freight forwarders and customs. Stay updated on any requirements or changes in the destination country. This allows for timely adjustments in preparations.

What Is the International Shipping Duties and Taxes Calculator?

Describe the Basis for Calculating Import Taxes:

Tariff Rate

The tariff rate is set by the tariff rules and the cargo classification of the destination country.

 

 

 

 

Value of Goods

Customs duties hinge on the commercial invoice's declared value. This figure is the basis for assessing import taxes on goods entering a country.

 

 

Other Taxes and Fees

Beyond customs duties, imports face a range of additional levies. These may encompass value-added and consumption taxes, along with various other charges. Such fees can significantly impact the total cost of bringing goods into a country. 

Emphasize the importance of prompt payment:

Avoid Detention

 

Pay import taxes promptly. Swift action avoids port detention. It ensures your goods sail through customs. Timely payments keep shipments moving and sidestep costly delays.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plan in Advance

 

Researching tax rules early saves headaches. Savvy travelers prepare finances beforehand, avoiding unwelcome shocks in foreign lands. Advance planning ensures smooth sailing on global adventures.

 

 

 

 

 

Compliance Operations

Payment compliance plays a crucial role in smooth international transactions. By aligning methods with destination country regulations, businesses sidestep potential customs hurdles. This proactive approach streamlines clearance processes, preventing delays and ensuring seamless cross-border commerce. Vigilance in payment practices safeguards operations from costly disruptions.

Pick-Up and Signature Process

Before signing for receipt, the cargo owner should carefully check the quantity and quality of the goods and compare them with the information on the bill of lading.

Of course, it is also recommended that the cargo owner take photos and record the appearance of the goods before signing for receipt, so as to prove that the goods are intact in the future.

When signing for the goods, if any damage are found in the goods, they should be noted on the bill of lading and contact the logistics company or shipping agent to solve the problem in a timely manner.

Receive a Pick-Up Notice

1. Once shipments dock, owners get alerts. The port notifies when cargo is ready, signaling time for collection. This pick-up notice kickstarts the final retrieval process, bridging sea transit to land delivery.

 

Prepare Documents in Advance

2.Before pickup, gather essential paperwork. Have your pick-up notice and identity certificate ready. Proper preparation ensures a smooth retrieval process. Expect any more documents needed. Organized cargo owners streamline the collection experience.

Go to the Pick-Up Point

3.Head to the designated pick-up spot with all necessary paperwork in hand. You'll likely find yourself at a bustling warehouse or logistics hub close to the port. This crucial step ensures a smooth retrieval process for your shipment.

 

Submit Delivery Documents

4.At the drop-off site, cargo owners must show ID, a delivery notice, and other paperwork to claim their shipment. These documents verify the recipient's right to collect the goods.
 

Check the Integrity of the Goods

5.Upon receiving goods, inspect them thoroughly. Confirm completeness and check for any damage. This ensures the integrity of your shipment and safeguards your rights as the owner.

 

Sign the Bill of Lading

6.Upon receiving the goods, the cargo owner must authenticate the bill of lading. This crucial step confirms receipt and may must more proof of identity. A signature, with ID, validates the document and completes the deal.

What Are the Common Ocean Shipping Terms?

 
By understanding various ocean transportation terms, buyers and sellers can better understand their respective responsibilities and rights, and effectively reduce potential transportation risks.
 

EXW (Ex Works - Ex Factory)

 

Buyers shoulder all costs: transport, customs, insurance, and more. Sellers simply deliver goods to the specified spot, handing off further logistics. This clean split defines their roles in the exchange process. 

Advantage

1.Low risk, light liability: sellers face minimal exposure.

2.Buyers have more control over shipping and fees.

 

 

 

Disadvantages

1.Buyer bears more responsibility and expense.

2. Buyers frequently find themselves lost in a confusing labyrinth of shipping logistics. Unfamiliar jargon and complex processes trap many. Simple transactions become puzzling ordeals.

CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight - CIF)

 

The seller covers freight and insurance costs for goods en route to the destination port. Their financial responsibility extends until the shipment reaches its final port.

 

Advantage

1.From start to finish, shipping costs and risks fall squarely on the seller's shoulders. This burden encompasses the entire journey of the goods.

2.Buyers face no extra charges until the shipment reaches its final port. The seller bears all costs en route.

 

 

 

Disadvantages

1.At the destination port, the buyer must clear customs and pay taxes. These tasks fall solely on the purchaser. They must the purchaser's direct attention and management.

2.Goods remain the seller's charge briefly. Upon reaching the destination port, responsibility shifts. This transfer marks a key transition in the shipping process. 

FOB (Free On Board)

 

1.The seller handles the cost and risk before the goods are shipped on board the ship.

2.Buyer can choose their own freight forwarder and have more flexibility.

Advantage

1.The seller handles the cost and risk before the goods are shipped on board the ship.

2.Buyer can choose their own freight forwarder and have more flexibility.

Disadvantages

1.The seller must put the goods on the ship. The buyer handles the rest of the transport.

2.he buyer needs to handle later matters at the destination port by himself.

DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid - Delivery before tax)

 

1.Goods delivery falls to the seller, ending at the destination. Import taxes in the receiving country, but, remain the buyer's obligation.

2.All costs fall on the seller, barring import duties at the destination. Buyers need only pay local taxes upon arrival.

Advantage

1.The seller must handle the entire shipping process, including customs in the destination country.

2.The buyer is only responsible for paying the import tax of the destination country.

 

 

Disadvantages

1.Know your market's tax and import rules. Savvy sellers research each country's policies before shipping goods abroad.

2.Liability lingers for sellers until goods reach their final stop. Risk remains throughout transit, only ceasing upon delivery.

DAP (Delivered At Place)

 

1.Goods must reach the agreed destination, with the seller covering freight costs and import duties. This responsibility falls squarely on the seller's shoulders.

2.Sellers bear all costs and liabilities for the merchandise until it is delivered at the endpoint.

Advantage

1.Fees and hassles vanish for buyers, who receive goods hassle-free. No pre-arrival headaches.

2.From start to finish, sellers handle shipping. This encompasses clearing customs and covering import taxes. No step in the process falls outside their domain.

Disadvantages

1.Navigating foreign regulations and tax policies is crucial for sellers entering new markets. Thorough research ensures compliance and success.

 2.Post-arrival logistics fall to the buyer, including final delivery and associated tasks.

 

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

 

1.Delivering goods, paying charges, and handling import duties fall squarely on the seller. This responsibility extends to the agreed destination in the recipient country. The seller must cover all associated costs throughout the process.

2.Sellers assume all expenses and perils for shipments until arrival. This responsibility extends throughout transit. It covers costs and risks until the goods reach buyers.

Advantage

1.Spared fees and hassles, the buyer relaxes until the goods arrive at their doorstep.
2.From start to finish, sellers handle shipping. They clear customs, cover all fees, and pay import taxes, shouldering the entire process. 
 
 
 
 

Disadvantages

1.Grasping foreign tax laws and regulations is crucial for merchants exporting goods. Success hinges on a thorough knowledge of each target market's policies.
2.Upon arrival, goods must attract the buyer's attention. Tasks include coordinating final delivery and addressing related logistics. The last leg of transport falls to the purchaser, along with any remaining details.

What Is Shipping Insurance?

Massive cargo ships crisscross oceans daily, powering global commerce. Yet peril lurks beneath the waves. Storms rage, pirates prowl, and accidents happen. One rogue wave can sink millions in goods. Smart traders shield themselves from disaster. They buy transportation insurance, safeguarding their precious cargo. This financial bulwark ensures goods arrive intact, come what may. With insurance, businesses can sail into uncertain waters. They're protected, stem to stern.

The Practical Application of Transportation Insurance in International Shipping

From loading docks to stormy seas, transportation insurance safeguards cargo throughout its journey. It shields against damages during handling, collisions en route, and nature's wrath. This coverage protects goods as they cross oceans. It gives shippers worldwide peace of mind.
 
Trade deals and national policies often dictate insurance requirements for global shipments. CIF terms, common in international trade, usually include insurance in the total cost. This protects cargo owners during transit, ensuring financial safeguards align with cross-border regulations. These mandates reflect a balance of risk management and trade in today's linked markets.
 
Transportation insurance shields high-value cargo from unforeseen perils. Electronic gear, luxury items, and similar precious freight gain full financial protection. Owners rest easy. They will recoup losses if disaster strikes their valuable shipments en route.
 
From pirate raids to mechanical failures, ocean freight faces myriad risks. Insurance is a safety net. It helps businesses respond quickly to crises. It also protects them from financial ruin. This vital protection keeps global trade flowing despite the risks of sea transport.
 
Transportation insurance helps enhance the stability of global supply chains.

FAQ:

  • Q What is sea freight shipping?

    A
    Massive vessels traverse oceans, carrying cargo worldwide. They call this sea freight shipping.

  • Q How long does sea freight shipping take from China?

    A
    Shipping times from China span a wide range. Global destinations receive goods within 20 to 45 days on average. Transit duration fluctuates based on the delivery location.

  • Q Can I track my sea freight shipment from China?

    A
    Freight forwarders and shipping companies offer online tracking. Enter your Bill of Lading or tracking number to check your shipment's journey. These systems provide real-time updates on your cargo's location and status during transit. They are easy to use.

  • Q What are the container options for sea freight shipping?

    A
    Shipping containers come in many sizes. They range from compact 20-footers to spacious 40-foot high cubes. Specialized units cater to unique cargo needs, offering refrigeration or open-top designs. These versatile metal boxes meet various shipping needs. They ensure safe transport for all kinds of goods. 

  • Q How do I find a reliable sea freight forwarder in China?

    A
    Seek a proven forwarder with glowing reviews and proper credentials. They should have expertise in managing cargo like yours. Rank experience and a solid history of successful shipments.

  • Q What are the prices related to ocean shipping?

    A
    From sea to land, shipping expenses stack up: vessels cross oceans, ports charge fees, customs collects duties, insurers protect cargo, and trucks complete the journey. Each link in this chain adds to the total. The size, weight, and destination of the shipment determine the cost. Larger loads bound for distant ports often incur higher charges across these categories.

  • Q What documents are needed for sea freight shipping from China?

    A
    Shipments require key documents: Bills of Lading detail cargo, Commercial Invoices specify values, and Packing Lists itemize contents. This trio forms the backbone of essential paperwork for smooth logistics. Certificates of Origin verify product sources. Import/export licenses and permits round out the crucial documentation. These records ease smooth international trade operations. 

  • Q What is the process for booking sea freight shipping from China?

    A
    Contact a freight forwarder to start sea freight shipping. Share crucial shipment details like goods type, volume, and weight. Select your preferred route and negotiate terms and costs. Once agreed, your forwarder will book with the shipping line. They will oversee the entire process. They'll ensure a seamless flow of activities from start to finish. This will guarantee perfect coordination throughout.

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For those searching for seamless sea freight from China or competitive shipping costs per kg, JMD is your go-to choice. Our international shipping services prioritize convenience and efficiency, simplifying your logistics.
Opt for JMD to experience smooth global logistics, secure deliveries, and cost-effective customs clearance. With our unparalleled expertise, your goods will traverse the globe seamlessly.
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